THE PROSPECTS FOR ISLAMIC SOCIAL BANKING IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Despite significant growth and development in recent years, Islamic banking (IB)
continues to face widespread criticism due to its apparently weak social outcomes. This
study investigates the social performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia, including its
justification as an IB objective and the means of improvement. We surveyed 506 current
and potential Islamic banking customers across six Indonesian provinces, combined
with in-depth interviews with 10 Islamic banking experts consisting of regulators,
practitioners, Sharia scholars, and academics. The findings strengthen previous results
on the topic in that 42.89% of respondents consider that IB in Indonesia is socially
defensive (doing the least that is required in terms of social outcomes), while 6.92%
believe that it is reactive (doing less than that required). Of the remaining respondents,
34.78% consider the social performance as accommodative (doing all that is required)
and 15.42% see it as proactive (doing more than is required). Most respondents (52.96%)
suggest improvement by combining corporate social responsibility and the ZIS (
Zakat, Infaq, shadaqah)- Waqf system. Only some (7.11%) suggest the establishment of Islamic
social banking, whose main feature would be to design an alternative to collateral so
that low- and middle-income customers could more readily access bank financing. We
recommend that regulators and practitioners take action to address these challenges
through incentives and long-term strategic planning.